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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
In order to have a describable change in
the learner, good teaching must take place and to bring about good teaching,
the teacher should be able to convey their message in the simplest, most
convincing and practical way to the learner using available resources. These
available resources are the instructional materials used in teaching and learning.
The instructional to make teaching easy and practical for the learners to
understand the subject. These objects according to Umoh-Mac and Nkume (1998)
are regarded as instructional materials. They enhance real and meaningful
teaching and learning. Appropriate instructional materials are imperative for
implementing good quality education programmes. Unless adequate and quantity
facilities and superlative human resources are available, quality of the
programme will be reduced and learning-will be deterred Material for teaching
business subject range from the common textbooks to more sophisticated
machines, chalkboards real ,objects or their representatives which the teacher
use to communicate effectively with the students. These materials make learning
more permanent and develop continuity of thought among the learner. Teaching
materials and aids for the acquisition of required skill for business Education
should be on regular supply to school where Business Education subject are
taught.
According to Umoh-Mac Nkume (1998) many
researches on the availability of available resource carried out in Nigeria, in
schools offering Business Education programme often revealed the presence of
inadequate training facilities in the schools. They further stressed that even
the few available ones are not being maintained. There is a poor storage
facility for them and so they become non-functional. Obi and Akume (2001)
warned that any school that any school that desire to offer modern Business
Education programme must include in its programme, a thorough training in the
use of thee appliances. Also to give such training the school must be
equipped with appliances with which it intend to give instructions. To take the
point further, they stated that for the teaching process to effectively taken
place generally, both human and materials resources need to be provided
adequately. No matter how good the teaching staff are, they may not be able to
function effectively and effectively without appropriate teaching materials,
equipment and adequate infrastructural, like workshop, conducive classrooms and
laboratories, especially when is over loaded with lesson and practical courses.
A well-planned programme, they say, will fail if at implementation stage the
necessary instructments are not supplied. The world at large is going
technological and if Nigeria schools must keep abreast with the global
technological advancement than the training must be borne in mind and they are
adequate supply, proper maintenance and judicious usage of the materials. The
question to ask is, who provides these resources materials to schools? Eze
(1991) in his contribution, opines that instructional materials produced
commercially play a key role in functional education in our schools that when
these are understand, our next alternative is in improvisation, provide the
improvised equally delivers the goods. Fortunately, some sources of
improvisation are available where around us by nature. Human re-arrangement of
nature only requires our initiative and creative to tap them fully towards the
attainment and mastery of some skills. Nigeria must realize that finding
pragmatic solution to the problems be setting the growth and development,
Business Education in the country should not be left to a few person but rather
it should be seen as a collective, philanthropists, corporate bodies,
government agencies churches and other religion organization etc. must join
hands and regard the task of solving these problem as one that must be done.
When this is solved, Business Education will be accorded its pride of place in
the nation’s education system as salvation of modern civilization.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Inspire of the federal government
emphasis on self-reliance through acquired, still suffers some defects such as inadequate
supply or provision of resource materials, poor maintenance and storage of
existing ones. Oren (1998) observed that, being a skill-oriented subject,
Business Education requires the use of machine and other equipment for
effective teaching to take place. It is therefore, exceptive teaching to take
place. It is therefore expected that the federal government through the
ministries of education federal, state and local government will see to the
provision or availability of theses necessary resources for teaching and
learning of these requirement skills. According to Oyedele (1995) citied in
Atakps (2001) Nigeria children and youths are being educated more in accordance
with yesterday’s world rather than in preparation for tomorrow’s living. This
is in agreement with what Umoh-Mac and Nkume (op. cit) said about the obsolete
equipment found in Nigeria schools. Emphasizing the need for the
provision of instructional materials in schools, Obi and Akume opine that,
Business Eduication subject being a skilled area of study cannot be learnt by
the student sitting and folding their arms and nodding their heads. To give
this training, the schools must be equipped with the necessary materials on
which it intends to give, but rather it appears that most school that offer
Business Education subject are not adequately equipped for the instructions.
Resource materials are means of making teaching and learning process easy, more
meaningful and understandable, Uzoegwu (2001). These materials are not just
textbooks, but it include machine, chalkboard and real objects instructional
aides on the other hands are those that teacher prepare mainly to help him/her
pass on the message easier and more effectively. They include cardboard
drawings, real objects brought into the class for learners to physically see
and touch (visual aids).
With the foregoing, the aim or purpose of study
is to evaluate the availability functionality and utilization of resource
materials use for teaching and learning Business Education subjects in Enugu
North Local Government
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the study is to determine the availability, functionality and utilization of available resources for teaching and learning of Business subjects in Enugu north Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Specifically, the study of determines:
1. The available resources for teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools in Enugu North Local Government Area.
2. To find out the extent to which the available resources are functional.
3. The extent of utilization of the available resources by Business Education Teachers
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;
H0: There are no available resources for teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools in Enugu North Local Government Area
H1: There are available resources for teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools in Enugu North Local Government Area
H02: there is no extent to which the available resources are functional
H2: there is extent to which the available resources are functional
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study strives to find out the extent
to which resource are supplied, managed and utilized in secondary schools in
Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. The finding of this study
will enable students and teachers to identify the problem(s) which the total
lacks or inadequate supply of resources bring on the teaching and learning
process. The presence of resource materials in the teaching and learning
process makes learning more practical and more understandable to the student. Resource materials reduce from the teacher the burden
of explaining for a very long time for the student to understand. The study
will also give the teacher insight into what is needed in order to manage or
utilized the available resource to enhance effective teaching.
This study further intended to sensitize
curriculum planners and implementations and educational policy maker on the
need to put more emphasis on utilization and improvisation of resource
materials. Finally, since the study
encourages the use of resource materials for more practical teaching and
learning process, the graduate of Business Education like other areas will be
people who are well prepared for their job performance and this will ease the employer’s
problem of on-job training of workers thus enhancing production.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers evaluation of available resources for the teaching and learning of business education in secondary schools. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
RESOURCES: a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively
LEARNING: Learning is the process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.
BUSINESS EDUCATION: Business education involves teaching students the fundamentals, theories, and processes of business. Education in this field occurs at several levels, including secondary education and higher education or university education.
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
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