Oil palm (Elaeisguineensis) is a cross-fertilising arborescent monocot of the genus Elaeis that originates from West Africa (Hartley,1988). Its diploid genome consists of 16 homologous chromosome pairs (Schwendimanet al.1982). its physical size estimated by flow cytometry is 3.9 pg/2C (Rival et al. 1997). Oil palm is the world’s leading source of vegetable oil and fat with an annual production of 40 million tons of palm oil along with 4.4 million tons of palm kernel oil. For the best varieties oil yields per hectare are ten times greater than soybean yields.  The fruit of oil palm is a drupe. It is made of pulp (mesocarp) from which palm oil is extracted, an endocarp called the shell, and a kernel that also contains oil. Three fruit varieties exist due to a major bi-allelic co-dominant gene called Sh, which controls the presence or absence of the shell and the degree of endocarp lignification. The dura type (genotype Sh+/Sh+) produces large fruits with a thick shell and relatively little mesocarp in weight terms. The pisifera type (genotype Sh−/Sh−) is usually female-sterile, and its rare fruits are relatively small, without any apparent shell and with a relatively large amount of mesocarp. The tenera type is the hybrid Sh+/Sh− genotype with fruits that have a shell of intermediate thickness and they contain abundant mesocarp. The tenera varieties, naturally more productive for palm oil, are the commercial varieties that are improved and distributed to planters.

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