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2.1 Theoretical Literature
Balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of all its economic transactions with the outside world in a give year. It is a statistical record of the character and dimensions of the country’s economic relationships with the rest of the world (Johnson H 1958:113).
Determinants of balance of payment have been and are still a topic of interest to many people and nations. Because of its usefulness, many writers have contributed towards its meaning, causes and solutions. Some people have given little contributions as regards balance of payment equilibrium or disequilibrium. Others however, who seem to have understood the subject better have made more encompassing and well thought out contributions.
In these contributions, Enuenwosu (1982:25) observed that our balance of payments problem is connected with a narrow export base and increased imports. In other words, our economy imports more than it exports and it also relies on every few export items. The effect of this is that Nigeria spends more foreign exchange than it receives.
THE MERCHANDISE (TRADE) BALANCE
This balance involves imports and exports of goods only. In other words, this balance has nothing to do with intangible items. The items include in trade or merchandise balance are only those ones that can be physically seen leaving and entering a country’s borders. These types of goods are known as tangible goods or visible items of the balance of payments. If the monetary value of imports. (tangible or visible) equates the monetary value of exports (tangible or visible) we say there is a balance of trade. When the latter is less than the former.
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SIMILAR ECONOMICS FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
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1. IMPACT OF VALUE ADDED TAX ON HOUSEHOLDS CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA (1994 - 2016)
» ABSTRACT The main objective for the abolition of sales tax and subsequent introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) is that the base of sales tax is too n...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 176 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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2. THE IMPACT OF CONTRIBUTORY PENSION SCHEME ON THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Prior to the enactment of the Pension Reform Act (2004), Pension Schemes in Nigeria had been bede...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 78 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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3. THE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA
» (A CASE STUDY OF HARDIS AND DRONES EMENE ENUGU)CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Small scale industries have been in existence since ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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4. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF MTN MOBILE COMMUNICATION NIGERIA LTD. KADUNA MAIN BRANCH
» ABSTRACTThis study examined the corporate governance and its impact on the management of MTN Mobile Communication Nigeria Limited Kaduna main branch. ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 56 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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5. TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF TELECOMMUNICATION
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a potent instrument/force of developin...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 75 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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6. AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF STOCK MARKET ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY (1986-2010)
» ABSTRACT A major engine of economic growth and development of any nation is the stock market. It impacts positively on the economy by providing financ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 50 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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7. GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON INDUSTRIALIZATION AND INDUSTIAL SECTOR OUTPUTS IN NIGERIA 1993-2017
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The impact of manufacturing on economic development has been widely studied. Very few countries h...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 99 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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8. TERRORISM AND ITS CHALLENGES TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
» AbstractTerrorism in whatever dimension poses threat and insecurities to human existence in regards to which defenseless nations live in perpetual fea...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 50 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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9. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE PREMIUM IN NIGERIA (1970-2007).
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The causes, effects and policy implications of the parallel economy, in both developed and develo...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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10. MONETARY INCENTIVES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE A CASE STUDY OF BARCLAYS BANK HEAD OFFICES ALONG JINJA ROAD
» ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between monetary incentives and employee performance in Barclays Bank. The researc...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT