- The Complete Research Material is averagely 22 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Title Page - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgements - - - - - - - v
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - vi
List of Tables - - - - - - - - ix
Abstract - - - - - - - - - x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - 10
1.3 Purpose of the Study - - - - - - 11
1.4 Research Questions - - - - - - 11
1.5 Research Hypotheses - - - - - - 12
1.6 Significance of the Study - - - - - 13
1.7 Delimitation of the Study - - - - - 14
1.8 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 15
1.8 Definition of Terms - - - - - - 15
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - 17
2.2 Conceptual Framework - - - - - - 24
2.3 Review of Empirical Studies - - - - - 39
2.4 Summary of Literature Review - - - - - 48
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design - - - - - - - 50
3.2 Research Area - - - - - - - 50
3.3 Population of the Study - - - - - - 51
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique - - - - 52
3.5 Instrumentation - - - - - - - 52
3.6 Validation of Instrument - - - - - - 53
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument - - - - - 53
3.8 Scoring - - - - - - - - 38
3.9 Research Procedure - - - - - - 54
3.10 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - 54
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results - - - - - - - - 55
4.2 Discussion of Results - - - - - - 58
4.3 Summary of Findings - - - - - - 60
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - 61
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 62
5.3 Implication of Findings - - - - - - 63
5.4 Recommendation - - - - - - - 63
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies - - - - - 64
References - - - - - - - - 65
Appendices - - - - - - - - 71
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 t-test analysis of students’ academic performance
taught using problem solving learning strategy and conventional lecture method - - - - 55
Table 2: t-test analysis of male and female students taught
using problem solving learning strategy and those
taught using conventional lecture method - - 56
Table 3: t-test analysis of post male and female students’
performance in stoichiometry taught using problem
solving learning strategy - - - - - 57
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of problem-solving learning strategy on the academic performance of all secondary school students in SS2 in stoichiometric chemistry in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A pretest posttest control group quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. The population size comprised of 1132 students. Random sampling technique was used to collect data from a sample of 100 SS2 Chemistry Students selected from two schools in Uyo Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The Students in experimental group were taught using Problem-Solving learning approach while those in control group were exposed to the conventional lecture method. Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) was employed. The CAT comprised of 20 multiple choice questions. The findings were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and t-test analysis to analyze the null hypotheses. The findings revealed that students in experimental group had the highest performance in CAT while the students in the control group had the least performance in the CAT. Among the recommendations made was that Secondary School teachers who are already in service should be trained through workshops, symposia, conferences and seminars to enhance the capacity of using problem-solving skills.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background
Chemistry is one of the most important subject in science and therefore it is offered in the Nigerian secondary school curriculum. A credit pass in the senior secondary certificate examination is required to get admission into almost all basic and applied science discipline in tertiary institutions.
Research has shown that
Nigerian students persistently perform poorly in chemistry owing to poor
problem- solving in stoichiometry (Opara, 2013; Udosoro, 2011; Badru, 2004).
West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Chief Examiners, perennially report on
students’ weaknesses in chemical arithmetic, poor mathematical skills and
inability to determine mole ratio from stoichiometric equations (2007 – 2017).
The field of stoichiometry involves all forms of measurements and the
calculations that relate to each other. Stoichiometry is at the heart of
chemistry since it refers to the relationship between the measured quantities
in a chemical reaction as well as the calculation which include the assumption
of the laws of definite proportions and of the conservation of matter and
energy. Stoichiometry requires that the number of atoms or molecules involved
in chemical reaction be converted into measured quantities expressible in
convenient units. Parker (1983) proposed four groups that constitute the
principle of stoichiometry.
They are:
· The law of conservation of matter
· The law of chemical combining weights
· The law of combining proportions
· The rates of reaction relationships in a system.
Calculations involving these principles are of great significance in engineering practice and existing operations or designing new manufacturing particles and equipment. A solid foundation in stoichiometry is necessary for understanding quantitative deductions in physical chemistry.
Despite the relevance of stoichiometry in physical chemistry studies have shown that learners find stoichiometric calculations difficult (Evans, Yaron and Leinhardt, 2008; Fach, de Boer and Parchmann, 2007 and Furio, Azconu and Guisasola, 2002). Evidence of students’ misconceptions and understanding of stoichiometry exists in literature (Gauchon and Meheut, 2007; Arasasington, Taagepera and Potter 2004). Other researches attempted to develop problem-solving models and instructional strategies to foster students’ success in stoichiometry (Chandrasegran, Treagust, Waldrip and Chandrasegaran, 2009). There is a clear relationship between students’ proficiency in mathematics and their understanding of chemical arithmetic (Badru, 2004). Thus, it is essential to create anxiety-free environment within a social, democratic field where learners can fully participate in the learning process and engage one another’s intellectual, academic and social aptitudes.
Within the last decades, observation has shown that in spite of the various innovations introduced into science teaching in general and chemistry in particular, the performance of students still remains low. This is buttressed by the poor performance of students in West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE).
Problem solving is an application of previously acquired knowledge and skills to achieve certain goals. Various definitions of problem-solving abound in the literature. Every researcher and author defines it in terms of his/her own psychological orientations. Krulik and Rudnick (as cited in Carson, 2007) defined problem solving as the means by which a person uses previously acquired knowledge, skills, and understanding to satisfy the demands of an unfamiliar situation. The student must synthesize what he or she has learned, and apply it to a new and different situation.
Behaviorists view it in terms of association between the problem situations and ideas or objects that may have the greatest potentials for providing the correct solutions. The solution to a problem is seen as a matter of scanning and association; connecting chains of conditioned responses; turning up the right association or searching for the responses that can be associated with the problematic situation. It is described as reproductive thinking such as drill and practice; trial and error. Gestaltist view problem solving as an insightful or intuitive process involving the perceptual processes of the solver. Cognitivists view problem-solving in terms of information processing involving internal mediating factors and refer it to the mental process that people go through to discover, analyze and solve problems. This involves the entire discovery of the problems, the decision to tackle the issue, and understanding the problem itself.
If the understanding of the problem is faulty, the attempts to resolve it will also be incorrect or flawed. It is a type of discovery learning, whose emergence depends on the structure of the task, and may be independent of the solver’s prior knowledge. It largely depends on the solver’s ability to discover general procedures for solving problems of particular kinds through certain manipulations at times involving a period of fumbling and search, and of the emergence of correct hypotheses. In this case, the problem-solving is reflective of a process of progressive clarification of means-ends relationships in which formulations, testing and rejection of alternative hypotheses plays a leading role.
Carson (2007) stated three characteristics of problem solving as
1. connecting theory and practice.
2. Problem-solving teaches creativity.
3. It also teaches transfer and application of conceptual knowledge.
Villegas, Castro and Guterrez (as cited in Mushtaq, 2010) also stated two characteristics of problem-solving as
1. providing opportunity for practicing heuristics as a valuable procedure producing added motivation due to their potential for application and
2. Providing creativity required in using multiple mental representations.
Problem solving is also very important to students. It can also be said that problem-solving is like a fun game, it stimulates the students and makes them enthusiastic. It makes the process of teaching and learning lively. Problem solving provides students with the chance to solidify and extend their knowledge and also stimulate new learning (Akinsola, 2008). Problem-solving can be concluded to be part of classroom instruction as well-developed problem-solving skills are important for a wide variety of reasons. First, they are important for real life. Every day both adults and children
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR EDUCATION FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND STUDENT'S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN UYO EDUCATION ZONE
» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the Study Throughout the world, leaders in the society are asking evermore how can we improve the environment...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 58 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
2. EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE USAGE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANANCE OF STUDENTS
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The performance of secondary school students in their studies has been poor. Performance of a...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 47 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
3. IMPACT OF INTERNET USAGE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATES STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA, NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The internet can be conceived as a rich, multi layered complex ever changing text for informa...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 65 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
4. KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SEX EDUCATION AMONG MOTHERS IN AWGU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE
» Abstract This study sought to examine the knowledge and practice of sex education among mothers with reference to Awgu L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria. ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
5. A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DYSFUNCTION ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The psychology of individual differences originated in attempts to predict scholastic performance...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
6. THE INFLUENCE OF LATENESS AMONG TEACHERS AND THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS’ IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS (A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED SENIOR SEC...
» ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to find out the causes and influence of lateness among teachers and the academic performance of student in seni...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
7. THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ISU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN EDO STATE
» ABSTRACT This study was conducted to find out the impact of motivation on the performance of secondary schools teachers. It also investigated the diff...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
8. THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE YOUTH IN JOS SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT In totality, the aim of this topic “the effects of drug abuse on the youth” is to find out the causes and its effects so as to pr...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 55 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
9. AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF POOR PARENTING ON THE CHILDREN AND THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THEIR CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERN...
» ABSTRACT The main focus of this research work is on the effect of poor parenting on children and their education in Egor Local Government Area of Edo ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
-
10. THE EFFECTS OF KADUNA STATE GOVERNMENT SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME ON LEARNING IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KADUNA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Nigeria runs 6 3 3 4 policy of education. This translates into six years of primary ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | EDUCATION DEPARTMENT