INFLUENCE OF POLYGAMY ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

INFLUENCE OF POLYGAMY ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0  Introduction

1.1  Background of the study

Marriage consist of the blending of lives of two individuals, it is the union of a man and woman as husband and wife. Marriage itself is a custom and the custom of a people determines the type of marriage. Apart from customary factor, other factors like religion, wealth, or social status, traditional, orientation, e.t.c. may be compelling reasons to warrant the type of marriage.

According to Donia and McNeal (2005), they both noted that in some situations, a marriage type recognise the rule, custom, or condition of one wife or husband at a time. They further noted that another marital arrangement that permit one man to have two or more wives at the same time is polygamy. Again, another marital arrangement in which one woman has two or more husbands is polyandry. Both polygamy and polyandry are all forms of polygamy which is a custom or condition of marriage to more than one person at a time in life.

Yoleye (2009) noted that polygamy is practise in most parts of the world and it is mostly practice in African society because of the economical and sociological values associates to it in the olden days.

In Nigeria, polygamy is traditional. This is true in many cultures were there area shortage of men due to war. Tribes and clans in Nigeria commonly fought each other and the target are men. The ratio of men to women was unequal, so men were expected to have as many women they can take care of. In Nigeria, traditionally there is no limit to the number of wives permitted with large families, you have more workers to hunt, grow and harvest benefiting the family unit as a whole, children working in fields increase harvest at a lower cost than hiring workers without considering the effect of too much work on the academic performance of the children that is if they are allow to even go to school at the first place.

When parents and the society talks about the academic performance of their children at schools, they lay their blames on lack of indiscipline in school, lack of instructional materials and so on. But they fail to realize the impact of the home could change the children intelligence to any significant level.

Education on the other hand is commonly referred to as the process of learning and obtaining knowledge at school, in a form of formal education. However, Isaac (2010) noted that the process of education does not only start when a child first attends school, education begins at homes. One does not only acquire knowledge from a teacher, but can learn and receive knowledge from a parent, family members and home environment. Indeed, parents represent a considerable role in child’s education. There are stronger evidence that polygamous home affect the academic performance of the student.

According to Sigmund Freud (1856), “man at birth is a biological being”. He is physically helpless and therefore depend on the people (the family which he comes from) for everything. He cannot speak and cannot communicate with others about his pain or pleasure. But gradually as the child grows older, he becomes physically independent of other people and is generally attached to his parents for information on how to live his life which could affect such a child if the wrong information or pattern of life style is be given to him (Libson, 1999).

As a child reaches the age of five and six, the school becomes the primary means of socialization but first basic knowledge have already been acquired from home. However, most polygamous homes tends to influence the knowledge and skill under which their children tend to be educated by given them a different doctrine, that is out of line from what they have been taught or from what the teacher has impacted on them. For example, most parents from polygamous homes specifically the mothers develop this hatred for one another thereby inculcated such hatred on the children, changing what they have been taught in school to love one another to become love some hate some which will have a greater impact on the child because they learn faster from their parents. Some parents don’t even have the kind of information the child needs, if he or she is to become a teacher, doctor, lawyer or even a pilot because of the situation at home or the type of family they come from. Even when they are informed, they may not be able to teach the child what they know as they do not have the basic knowledge to grow the child or they don’t have time for just one kids because in a polygamous home, the members of the family are much. (Rubbed and Martins, 2003).

Polygamy often lead to many verbal disagreements between mother and father in the home. And although children may appear unaware of the happenings in the homes, they are very much aware of the heightened tension between mummy and daddy. When children constantly hear their parents argue, their self esteem can be affected and also their academic performances of the adolescent can be greatly affected. The pillars of his family are mother and father. As much as possible all differences should be handled behind closed door and preferably of ear of the children because it will go a long way in affecting them in al ramification of life most specially in their academic performance.

Although, children can suffer from the negative interactions that result from problems in polygamous, they can also suffer from the positive ones. Seeing mum and dad continually trying to persevere in maintaining the marital relationship, in spite of their enormous difficulties, is a valuable experience for the children.

Stantly Kurtz (2006), noted that children can sense the tension in their mothers at a very young age which will in turn affect the educational performance of the child at that young age. Not only do they sense a disturbance in their mother, but from what I’ve read, mothers breast milk can be affected too which will indirectly affect the child and in turn have a greater consequences to the children when they are growing up. Under such atmosphere, the child may feel that most of the things given to him to do both in school and at home is unrewarding and that life is full of stress. (Adre and Livingstone, 2011).

The influence or implication of polygamous on children, make them to choose the wrong course of life even to their primary, secondary and even tertiary institution.

In the long run, such children may be expelled from school, involve themselves in examination malpractice, bullying other fellow students, engage in cultism, school drop-out, teenage pregnancy, etc. Which is as a result of the home (Eagle and Davis, 1993).

1.2  Statement of the Problem

In our present traditional practice today, a man is allowed to marry as many wife as possible without considering the influence on their children. No doubt, parents desire about their children is to see them proper both academic and other spheres of life. When the reverse becomes the case, parents and even the society look for a place to hang the cause of problem. It is the characteristics of parents and the society at large to appoint accusing the teacher and even to the school on their children poor performance in the school without looking at the homes of the children.

Having this problem in mind, this study intends to examine the influence of polygamy on the education of children in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.3  Research Questions

The following questions were designed to guide the study:

  1. What do secondary school students perceive to be the influence of polygamy on the education of children?
  2. What is the perception of female secondary school student on the influence of polygamy on the education of children?  
  3. What is the perception of male secondary school students on the influence of polygamy on the education of children?

1.4  Hypothesis of the Study

The following hypothesis was hereby formulated to serve as a guide on the study. They will be tested with data that would be collected from the filed.

  1. There is no significant differences in the perception of secondary school student on the influence of polygamy on the education of children

1.5  Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is in these fields:

  1. To find out the relationship between the perception of secondary school students and the influence of polygamy on the education of the children
  2. To ascertain the relationship between the perception of female students on the influence of polygamy on the education of children
  3. Lastly, the purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the perception of male students on the influence of polygamy on the education of children.

1.6  Significance of the Study

The study is expected to reveal those area or where polygamous family affect the education of the child.

The study will be of significance to the head of the school, teachers and parents and the government and society at large it will be of a great significant to the head of schools and teachers in upbringing of children because they deal directly with those children.

It will also be useful to the parents by helping them to know the factors that enhance children performances in school and provide necessary materials needed by the children.

It will be useful to the government because, they provide necessary materials needed to enhance good education for the children in the society.

Finally, it will guide the society towards monitoring and sustaining better marriage homes.

1.7  Scope and Delimitation of Study

This study investigate the influence of polygamous on the education children in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

This study also investigate if really the polygamous family of a student will really influence the education of children.

In the process of study, the researcher was not able to cover all the twelve (12) wards in Oredo local Government Area of Edo State because of the financial constraint. Therefore, the study is committed to eight (8) wards. Those wards are sampled out of all the twelve (12) wards in Oredo Local Government Area.

1.8  Definition of Terms

Polygamy: custom or condition of marriage to more than one person at a time in life.

Monogamy: the rule, condition or custom of marriage whereby one or husband are married at a time.

Effect: a change that somebody or something cause in somebody or something else “a result”.

Academic Performance: student attitude to learning effectiveness in education.


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