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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Out
of the twenty three (23) local government councils in Kaduna State none
has met the expectations and aspirations of the electorate who voted
them into office. Some people blamed the disappointment on the council
leaders. Studies in leadership is as controversial as the concept
itself. At the local government level there are numerous leaders. The
Local government chairman is a leader, just as the Director of Human
Resources. The Treasurer is a leader just as the Director of works.
Nobody will declare the Head Driver, the Head of security, the Head
Messenger etc as non-leaders. They are all leaders in their own rights.
Even if this research is concerned mainly with political leaders it
may seek to find out if leaders are born or made. In other worlds, is
good leadership a product of appropriate training or talent from God?
For instance, is Muritala Mohammed good leadership a product of his
training? Is Obafemi Awolowo’s credible leadership as premier of the
defunct Western Region a reflection of his training? President Nelson
Mandela spend 22 years in prison. After was this the outcome of his
training while in detention?
This research will try to establish the
role of fund, personnel, cooperation, fellowship and of course,
leadership in the delivery of dividends of democracy at the gross roots
level.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This study on the
relationship between LEADERSHIP AND ITS EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE,
ACHIEVEMENT AND GOAL REALIZATION is carried on at the Kaduna South Local
government as a case study. There are many theories and principles on
leadership styles and their application in organized private set like
banking, manufacturing, industry etc. Can these also apply and work out
the same way in a politically influenced and controlled like the local
government particularly in a federation such as Nigeria?
In carrying out any collective task leadership is a major element which bring about either success or failure leadership plays central role in offering direction and purpose towards achieving set goals of an organization including Kaduna South Local ;government. It is also an important element in the social relationship of groups of work. Leadership is the main factor that determines and sharpens group behaviour especially when it is correctly applied. In his approach, each employee enjoys a feeling of strong commitment and dedication towards achieving organizational goals. Regardless of inequality of members of staff appropriate leadership style can serve as a maginet drawing every body to the centre there by providing a formidable workforce. As the saying goods unity is strength.
However, Kaduna South Local government goals can never be achieved without proper leadership style in place. It is important not that the effective performance of an individual employee is a function of both his personal characteristics and the individual environment. A careful consideration of knowledge, skills, experience, attitude and motivation of an employee enhance maximum productivity and efficiency in the job. Since leadership deals with the human resource element, it provides the basis for effective utilization of material resources in an organization through individual skills, know ledge and ability.
According to Merenu (1988) Leadership is the most influential person
in an organization who provides direction, guides, group activities and
ensure that group objectives are obtained. Leadership is the life wire
of an organization. Douglas Mc Gregor theory X and theory Y is of the
view that leaders, attitude towards subordinates has a large influence
on how such workers behave both on the job and towards their leader. It
is how ever important to note that no single leadership style is likely
to be effective in all circumstances. Leadership styles vary based on
social political environment and other circumstances.
Finally, an
effective leader is measured by his ability to manage and withstand
forces around him and how to effectively utilize human and material
resources to ATTAIN ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVE. DOUGAS MCGREGOR, put it
clear that there is a close relationship between leaders’ expectation
and the resulting performances of the subordinates.
A pertinent
question which this research seeks to answer is “can leadership style
enhance or hinder the delivery of dividends of democracy at the local
government level.”
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem identified
by the researcher is the perceived poor service delivery by the various
Local Government councils in Nigeria.
Many Nigerians are dissatisfied with performances of Local
Governments in the country. It could be assessed that more than 80% of
the 774 Local government councils in Nigeria have nothing to show for
their existence in terms of executing public policies within their areas
of jurisdiction, especially from 1999 to 2011. This research is
therefore set out to investigate factors which are responsible for poor
or low productivity in Kaduna south local government area.
Several
factors are suspected to be responsible for this political factor such
as shortage of fund and qualified staff, state government interference
etc. however this study picked one of the factors, leadership. One
thinks that of all the factors promoting high productivity or
satisfactory delivery of dividends of democracy, leadership is the most
important.
This is so, because, he has to combine, control and direct all other factors to achieve the set objectives. In other worlds, this work wishes to isolate concentrate on local government political leader and his administrative style with the view to identifying the degree or level of his contribution to the delivery or non-delivery of dividend of democracy from year 2000 to 2010 in Kaduna south local government area of Kaduna state.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study
is to find out how leadership styles are being used in Kaduna South
local government. In this aspect specific objectives include.
i. To identify the different leadership styles and their relationship with employee productivity
ii. To determine the relationship between leadership style and employee motivation.
iii. To ascertain the effects of leadership styles on community cooperation and good will.
iv. To examine the contribution of leadership styles to dividend of democracy delivery.
v.
To investigate the contribution of leadership style to industry harmony
and esprit decors in Kaduna South Local Government area.
HYPOTHESES
Ho: There is no
significant relationship between leadership and level of delivery of
dividend of democracy at the local government level.
Hi: There
is significant relationship between leadership and level of delivery of
budget implementation (estimate) at the local government.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In the words of Asika
(1991).A project of this nature is to give opportunity to the local
government to assess itself on their leadership style and their impact
on employee productivity in its area. The research work is aimed at
improving employee productivity thorough the adoption of various
leadership styles.
In addition this study will also provide basis
for workers to enjoy a feeling of strong commitment and dedication
towards achieving dividend of democracy through close relationship
between leadership expectation and the resulting performances of the
workers in Kaduna South Local Government.
There study will also be
of immense benefit to various stockholders in the field of leadership
which includes students, government agencies, organizations and
individuals by serving as point of references in the course of their
study and work.
The finding will also old to the knowledge of the problems militating against local government performances including inter-government relationship that is to say the state leader (Governor) and the local government leader (Chairman).
Finally it will prove to the local government chairman that as a political leader at the grassroots level he was elected to carryout public policies at the local government at the local government level within available human and material resources.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
According to Yusuf (1996) one aspect in research study that gives beginners problems is how to decide the scope of the study.
The scope is the extent of work the research intends to carryout:
that is the margin of the coverage of the research work in terms of
phenomena to be examined and the number of subject required to provide
useful information about object of the study.
The scope of this
research is one local government out of 23 local governments in Kaduna
state. The time frame covers the period 2000 to 2010. The study centers
in the concept of leadership style and their impact on public service
delivery. The study covers ten (10) years of democratic local government
rule.
If excludes the period of military administration, but it covers
political leader who were elected as well as those who were appointed as
caretaker chairman by the state governor.
Since leadership also
affects the happiness and morale of workers the researcher will examine
the condition of service of the local government staff.
The research concentrates on political leaders with little reference to other traditional, religious, social leaders in the area of study.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
(i). Kaduna South Local Government: The
limitation of this research in the 22 local governments which are not
covered in this study. The study does not cover all the years since the
creation of Kaduna South Local Government.
(ii). Time: There is inadequacy of time due to assignments and tests giving to the researcher.
(iii). Finance: There
is shortage of fund because the researcher is self sponsored and after
paying all other fees there is no sufficient money to finance work
adequately.
(iv). Chairmen: It is also
limited to the various local government Chairmen that have manage the
affair of the Local government within the ten years under study.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Kaduna south local
government is located in Kaduna metropolis. It was carve out of the
former Kaduna Local Government in September 1991. The headquarters is in
Makera. Kaduna South Local Government has fourteen (14) districts
namely: Makera, Tuduwada SaboGari, Ungwan Sanusi, Mado, Kurmi Mashi,
Ungwan Muazu, Kinkinan, Badiko, Kakuri Hausa, Kakuri Gwari, Bannawa, and
Television.
The northern boundary is river Kaduna and the rail way line from river Kaduna to Kawo, the southern boundary is Chikun Local Government and Igabi Local Government boundary is in Rigasa.
At its inception, the local government was Sabo Kabukuk at its
temporary headquarters the No: 11 Babban Dodo Street Makera. The area
within the local government is administered under two area offices
namely:-
No: 1 Samaru Road and
No: 5 Samaru Road
One of the
offices accommodates the works department and health department while
the other one accommodates the education department and non governmental
organizations representatives. When Hon Mohammed Lawal Ibrahim was
elected under the zero party he decided to affect rapid development of
the permanent site of the secretariat and on the 16th July 1996 the
personnel management Department moved into the building. The
construction continued by Hon Garba Attahiru who succeeded him then over
to Mr Edward Sawok who was a caretaker committee chairman whom under
the construction went finally when the incumbent chairman in person of
Hon Alh Mahmud Ilu was democratically elected them he continue until the
finally completed the building. It accommodate well fence, land scoping
and built a covered drainage them with the Nigeria breweries.
Makera is the industrial and commercial centre of the local
government. Makera and Kakuri are likely populated areas and are
inhabited by different ethic groups that is Hausa, Fulani, Gwari,
Kanuri, Bajju, Jaba and Kataf, Kaninkon and Mungu.
The population of
Kaduna South Local government is 373, 576 as per 1999 census figures. It
has a mixture of high medium and low income citizens distributed in
both the urban and rural part of the local government. Kaduna south
local government operates six departments.
Each department is
managed by executive supervisions known as supervisory councilor, who
gives political direction to its activities of the department as well as
to the Head of Department who is professional and who coordinates the
activities of the department. The departments are:-
i. Personnel management
ii. Finance and supply
iii. Education and social development
iv. Health and environmental services
v. Works and Housing
vi. Agriculture and Natural resources.
These departments are used to carry out public policies. Therefore in the year 2003 the sum of eight hundred and ninety nine million eight hundred and forty thousand one hundred and eighty nine (899,840,189) was the amount specified in the fourth column of the schedule in respect of Kaduna South local government. The Director of personnel management is the Head of service and the administrative head of Kaduna South local government. This local government is one of the richest local government in the country with our average revenue of seven million (7000,000) a month, the recent chairman of Kaduna south local government is Mr UNANA YASHM who was appointed as caretaker by the governor of Kaduna State sir, Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa.
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