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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Truancy is any intentional unauthorized or illegal absence from compulsory education. This is a form of deviant behavior and for that reason it is frowned upon by everyone in the society. Truancy is a manifestation of deviant behavior. It is also known as absent from school frequently by the students. Truancy exists among secondary school student who prefers to stay out the classroom which now leads to truancy. It seems now a phenomenon that has come to stay in our school and institution of higher learning such as college of education, polytechnics and universities as well as secondary schools and primary school levels.
According to PIKUWAS (1976) claimed that truancy is a form of withdrawal from the reality of school in order to avoid classroom tasks that are unpleasant. Truancy is a form of deviant behavior that involves staying away from school consciously. In this case the distinction should be drawn between truancy and absenteeism. The latter may be due to illness or other unforeseen circumstance. Truancy could take various forms. For example there are students according to EZEWU (1983) who will not resume with the other student at the beginning of the school term after holidays. Other truants will leave home like all other students but will not get to school. In fact during the journey from home to school some students appear to get lost in transit only to resurface again after school when they join the other student to go home they fool their parents into thinking they attend school when in fact they never actually get there.
Another kind of truant is the one that leaves home and actually get to school but will never enter the classroom. He is to be found under shade-trees and at the back of class-room when he will loiter all day until the closing time when he goes home like every other student.
Other truants may enter class but leave for another class once a teacher they do not like comes in, they may go and sit in the library or in the laboratory where no class is been held.
Many educational psychologists have proffered various causes of truancy among students. According to Kahu (1984) listed causes; problems at home, search for adventure etc.
Other causes of truancy include fear of punishment bullying by older students, harsh treatment in the hands of teachers, corporal punishment, disinclinations to repeat a class, poverty etc. The problem of truancy stares at everyone in the face. It is pathetic, embarrassing, unfortunate, intolerable and disastrous but the main question remains how to tackle it.
To tackle the problem of truancy, everyone will have to contribute his own quota. This includes parents, teachers and the schools;
EWEWU (1983:19) Said: “Deviant behavior truancy inclusive in the school should not be treated as an offence but rather as a behavior capable of being modified by proper counseling techniques.
Therefore, truancy, like any other deviant behavior. In addition, it will proffer solutions to the nagging problems of truancy.
Significance of the Study
The importance of this study cannot be over emphasize is a nagging problem that has defied all solution for a long time.
Basically, this study will be significant for the following reasons; it will enable parents immediately to identify any truants behavior in their children, that way they will be able to rectify the problem before it gets out of hand. This study will also enlighten the government and the school administrators on the relationship between truancy and school location. This will ensure that future schools are better located either in rural or urban areas.
This study will make parents realize the importance of providing their children with all the necessary materials that will make them feel excited about going to school regularly.
Scope of Study
This research is focused primarily on six secondary schools in Esan South East Local Government Area of Edo State of Nigeria shall form the case study.
The use of an inferential statistics of chi-square (X2).
Do rural and urban schools have the same level of truant problem.
Are children from poor parents involved in truancy as those from wealthy homes?
Does truancy affect the academic achievement of truants?
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses have been drawn up to aid the research. There is a significant relationship between the location of school and truancy.
HO1: There is a significant relationship between the location of school and truancy.
HO1: There is no significant relationship between parents socio-economic status and truancy of their wards. There is significant relationship between the sex of a child and truancy.
HO2: There is no significant relationship between students academic achievement and truancy.
Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study can be stated as follows:
It will investigate how the sex of students can influence their tendency towards truancy. It will also examine how the location of a school can affect the inclination of its students towards truancy.
Another purpose would be to see how the socio-economic status of parents can affect their children’s inclination to truancy.
At another level the purpose of the study is to examine the cause effect and implications of truancy among student in Esan South East Local Government Area of Delta State. It is a common sight to see secondary student in uniform on the streets long after school has started for the day. They warm the street from morning till afternoon drinking, gambling, smoking and playing truant. Later, they go home with the other students deceiving themselves and their parents that they have been to school for that day.
The above scenario is a sign of a problem. It is a sign of truancy. Truancy is a deliberate act of keeping away from school without any genuine reason. Truancy is a major problem in most secondary schools in Esan South East Local Government Area.
Truancy takes various forms. Some students do not leave home at all. Some leave in their uniforms but do not reach school. Others get to school but do not stay in class. There are many reasons why students play truants. Some of the reasons lie with the truancy but others are external reasons. Truancy cuts across primary, secondary and tertiary institutions in Nigeria. However, it seems more pronounced in secondary school than any other school.
The problem of truancy in Esan South East Local Government Area is something that has to be tackled as a matter of urgency because truancy has terrible consequences for students, parents and even the society.
Research Questions
Truancy is a problem that calls for committed attention. This research work will try to investigate the problem of truancy. is truancy an act carried out as a means of socialization? Is subject to correction if only a proper diagnosis of the causes are made and the appropriate measure taken.
Parent must play their role by taking a greater interest in the children’s education. They must provide their children with reading and writing materials, ensure that their children prepare early enough to school so that they do not get there late to face punishment that would discourage them from further attending school. Parents should also monitor their children’s school work by keeping in constant touch with their children’s teachers in order to get progress report of their performance.
Teachers can cure the monster of truancy by stating good examples for their students. If a teacher is punctual to school his students will emulate him. Teachers should also develop cordial relationship with their students. They should also apply innovative teaching method and introduce interesting co-curricular activities to capture and sustain the interest of their student. The school on its part should not strangle their student with too many rules and regulations that discourage them from attending school. Besides, corporal punishment should be applied only rarely and even then by an experienced senior teacher.
The problem of truancy is one that must be treated with the seriousness that it deserve because of the implication it has for the students, the parents, the school and the society.
State of the Problems
Today in Esan South East Local Government
LIMITATION OF the STUDY
The researcher encounter difficulty in interviewing and obtaining the required data from the entire population.
Also the researcher encountered some teachers who were not quite cooperative. Permission to administer the questionnaires had to be sought from the school principals. On one occasion the researchers may had to visit a particular school three days in a week because the principal had gone to attend a seminar at Benin and so could not grant the needed permission. Perhaps school authorities could do more to make a researcher’s job easier.
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