AN APPRAISAL OF THE OFFENCE OF RAPE UNDER THE NIGERIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

AN APPRAISAL OF THE OFFENCE OF RAPE UNDER THE NIGERIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                            Pages 

Title Page        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           i

Declaration      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           ii

Certification    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iii

Dedication      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iv

Acknowledgement      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           v

Table of Contents       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           vii

Tables of Cases           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xiii

Table of Statutes         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xix

Abbreviations              -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xxiii

Abstract          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xxvi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study       -           -           -           -           -           1

1.2       Statement of the Problem       -           -           -           -           -           3

1.3       Research Question      -           -           -           -           -           -           6

1.4       Objective of the Study           -           -           -           -           -           6

1.5       Significance of the Study       -           -           -           -           -           7

1.6       Scope of the Study     -           -           -           -           -           -           8

1.7       Methodology of the Research            -           -           -           -           -           8

1.8       Organization of the Study      -           -           -           -           -           9

1.9       Definition of Terms    -           -           -           -           -           -           10

1.10     Literature Review       -           -           -           -           -           -           13

CHAPTER TWO:    A PANORAMA OF THE OFFENCE OF RAPE UNDER                                 THE NIGERIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

2.1       Definition of the Offence of Rape under the Nigerian Criminal

Justice             System                        -           -           -           -           -           -           22

2.1.1    The Mens Rea -           -           -           -           -           -           -           27

2.1.2    The Actus Reus           -           -           -           -           -           -           29

2.1.3    The Penal Code           -           -           -           -           -           -           30

2.2       Capacity to Consummate the Offence of Rape          -           -           32

2.3       Examination of the Point at Which the Offence of Rape can be

said to be Consummated        -           -           -           -           -           34

2.3.1    Penetration      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           36

2.4       The Concept of Consent as a Vitiating Element        -           -           41

2.4.1    Consent by Force Intimidation or Threat       -           -           -           42

2.4.2    Evidence of Past Sexual History of Victim and Consent      -           43

2.5       The Proper Standard of Reasonability            -           -           -           44

2.6       The Concept of Fraud             -           -           -           -           -           46

2.7       The Effect of Administering Mind Altering Substances        -           47

2.8       Non-Consensual Removal of Condom           -           -           -           50

2.9       Statutory Rape and Defilement of Girls: Should there be a

Merger?           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           53

2.9.1    Statutory Rape in Nigeria       -           -           -           -           -           54

2.9.2    Distinction between Statutory Rape and Defilement

Of Girls: Should the Offences be merged?    -           -           -           55       

2.10     Corroboration in Sexual Offences: The Propriety      -           -           56

2.11     Attempted Rape         -           -           -           -           -           -           58

CHAPTER THREE:   A PERUSAL OF THE OFFENCE OF RAPE AS IT APPERTAINS TO PERSONS WHO CAN CONSUMMATE THE OFFENCE AND THE OBJECT AND SUBJECT OF COMMISSION

3.1       Capacity of a Man to Commit Rape   -           -           -           -           61

3.1.1    Capacity of a man to rape in Nigeria -            -           -           -           64

3.2       The Ability of a Woman to Commit Rape      -           -           -           65

3.3       Can a child below Twelve Years Rape?         -           -           -           69

3.4       What is the Propriety of the Assertion that Rape may be

Constituted as between Men and Vice Versa?           -           -           74

3.5       The Object and Subject of Rape: Should their Meanings be

Expanded?      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           77

3.5.1    The Need for Expansion of the Meanings of the Object and

Subject of Rape          -           -           -           -           -           -           80

3.6       How has the Violence against Persons Act 2015 Affected the

Capacity of Persons who can Commit Rape?             -           -           81

3.6.1    Limitation of the Definition of the Offence of Rape as

Contained in the Violence Against Persons Act        -           -           85

CHAPTER FOUR:     RAPE AS BETWEEN COUPLES: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF INDECENT ASSAULT AND GENTLE VIOLENCE: HEALTH AND LEGAL INDICATIONS

4.1       The Capacity of a Man to rape the Wife and vice versa         -           88

4.1.1    Can a Husband be said to Commit Rape on the Wife?          -           88

4.1.2    Limitation to Marital Immunity          -           -           -           -           91

4.1.3    Can a Wife Rape the Husband?         -           -           -           -           93

4.2       The Concept of Indecent Assault       -           -           -           -           94

4.2.1    Elements of Indecent Assault -           -           -           -           -           95

4.2.2    Indecent Assault in Marital Relationships      -           -           -           98

4.3       Gentle Violence and Marital Rape: The Way Forward          -           100

4.4       Acquaintance Rape     -           -           -           -           -           -           101

4.5       The Constitutional Right to Privacy viz-a-viz Rape Reporting          102

4.6       Health Consequences -           -           -           -           -           -           104

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Summary         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           107

5.2       Conclusion      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           112

5.3       Recommendation        -           -           -           -           -           -           114

Bibliography   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           118


TABLE OF CASES

Adeoti v. State (2009) All FWLR (pt. 565)408          -           -           -           -           39

Akpan v. State (2014) LPELR 227 (CA)       -           -           -           -           -           42

Alawusa v Odusote (1941) 7 WACA 140      -           -           -           -          94, 95, 99

Alonge v. Inspector-General of Police (1959) SCNLR 516   -           -           -           79

Aoko v Fagbemi (1961) All NLR. 400           -           -           -           -           -  76, 107

Babara v. John (1983) 145 Cr. App 69            -           -           -           -           -    52, 53

Beal v Kelley (1951) 2 All ER 128     -           -           -           -           -           -           96

Boniface Adonike v. The State (2015) LPELR 2428 1(SC)  -           -           -           17

C. v. D.P.P (1995) 2 All ER 43           -           -           -           -           -           -  72, 108

D. P.P v. Morgan (1975)2 All E. R. 347          -           -           -        13, 26, 28, 44, 110

D.P.P v. Rogers (1953) 1 WLR 1017  -           -           -           -           -           -           97

D.P.P v. Rogers (1955)1 WLR 1017   -           -           -           -           -           -           18

Ellison Ibo v. Zaria Native Authority (1962) NNCN 50.       -           -           4, 31, 36

F.C.S.C v. Laoye (1989) 2 NWLR (pt. 106) 365       -           -           -             103, 112

Fairclough v Whip (1951) All ER 834            -           -           -           -           -           97

Fatoyinbo v. A. G. Western Nigeria (1966) WNLR 4.           -           -           -           79

G. V. G (2011) 1 ESC 40        -           -           -           -           -           -    100, 101, 111

Hope v. Brown (1954)1 WLR 250     -           -           -           -           -           -           39

Idris Rabiu v. State (2005)7 NWLR (pt. 733) 491     -           -           -           -           42

Iffie v A. G. Bendel State (1987) 4 NWLR (pt. 67) p. 972   -           -           -        107

Iko v. The State (2001) 55 WRNLR  -           -           -           -           -           -    37, 86

Jegede v. State (2001)14 NWLR (pt. 733) 264 (CA) -           -           -           -           42

Kaitamaki v. R. (1985) AC I 47          -           -           -           -           -    25, 38, 52, 87

Lakanmi & Anor. v. A. G. Western States & Ors (1971)UILR 201   -           -           4

MPC v. Caldwell (1982) AC 541       -           -           -           -           -           -           27

Ogbuagu v Police (1953) 20 NLR 139           -           -           -           -           -           91

Ogunbayo v. State (2007) All FWLR (pt. 565) 408   -           -           -           -           40

Popoola v The State (2013) 17 NWLR (pt 1382) 96 a 123    -           -           -    48, 65

Posu v. State (2011) 5 NWLR (pt. 1234) 395            -           -           -           -           -           39

R .v Lary (1975) 62 Cr. App 50          -           -           -           -           -           -           49

R v Burrows (1952) 1 All ER 58        -           -           -           -           -           -           97

R v. Gatson 78 CAR 164        -           -           -           -           -           -           -    78, 81

R v. Sergeant (1997) 161 JP. 127       -           -           -           -           -           -           95

R. (1991)2 All ER 257         &nbsp


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