CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the study

In every business there is a way of doing things or a system adopted by the firm in order to achieve its objectives and goal leads to their growth, which is also a means of promoting entrepreneur practice inNigeria. This practical entrepreneur development inNigeriais the main target of every nation and the impact of business to realise this growth is the subject of small scale business management. For any business to work towards achieving any objectives it must work towards developing strategy which will be a guide to achieve the goal. Strategy have been defined by many authors, Mr. Ojemba G. Agbo he defined strategy as a general programme of nation and a deployment of emphasis and resources towards the attainment of the overall objectives. It is defined by Kenneth and Hatter as a process by which an organisation formulates objective and is managed to achieve them .strategy is seen by another author as the pattern of objectives purposes or goal and major policies and plans for achieving these goals state in such a way as to define what business a company is in or to be in and the kind of company it is or to be (christerst Andrews and Bower). However, strategy is seen to be a planned skill in managing any affair or achieving any objective and this make small scale to be seen as a strategy for practical entrepreneur development. However many developing countries have failed to adopt this strategy owing to their belief that it is slow process of industrialization which may not be very computable with their desire to catch up with the industrialized countries. Many countries of the world that are advance in their industrial development consigning practical entrepreneur practice. Started with small scale business  In Nigeria, both federal and state government are now placing much emphasis on the promotion of indigenous small scale business enterprises with a review to encouraging entrepreneurship. A business is defined as a human organisation which produces and market product (target market) it aims to serve. It can take place anywhere and involve receiving and giving process. (Odo P.C. Monughton Etal in his introduction to business enterprises defined it as the sum total of those activities that have their main purpose of creating, maintaining and extension of a concern continue to exist because it earns profit or other benefit for its owner. Defining what constitutes small scale business entrepreneurship bring out a lot of entrepreneur which varies from country to country, from institution to another but generally speaking a small scale business entrepreneur is independently owned and managed but is not dominant in its field of operation. It is independently because it is wholly owned by an individual or party and managed by them without outside supervision on its management and extra case is taken in its management and this help in developing the economy of state and nation as a whole.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Entrepreneurship started when people produces more products than they needed, as such they had to exchange these surpluses with others who wanted to dispose of their surpluses. For instance, if ca blacksmith produced more hoes that he had not but needed. May be needed some yams or goat etc, he would look for someone who needed his products to exchange with. By this way producers came to realise that they concentrate in their areas of production to produces more and then exchange with what they needed. So through this exchange of products, entrepreneurship started.A typical Nigerian entrepreneur is a set made man who might he said have strong wholly to succeed, he might engage the services of other like friends, mates, in-laws etc to help him in his work or production. Through this way,Nigeriais in the olden days were engaged in entrepreneurship. Early entrepreneurship is characterized with production or manufacturing in which case, the producer most often started with a small capital, most of it from his own savings. Early entrepreneurship started with trade by barter even before the advent any form of money.Modern entrepreneurship inNigeriastarted with coming of the colonial masters, who brought in their wears and made Nigerians their middlemen. In this way, modern entrepreneurship was conceived.One of the major factors that have in many was discover aged the flow of entrepreneurship development inNigeriais the value system brought about by Forman education. For many decades formal education has been the presence of the priviledge. With formal education, people had the opportunity of being employed in the civil services.The value system discouraged entrepreneurship inNigeriafor colonial masters to sale their goods because if Nigerians continue to be enterprising, they would not have had market for their goods. As such, the system made Nigerians to be dependent on the colonial masters to supply her with the needed products.Again the contract between Nigerian entrepreneurs and foreign entrepreneurs during the colonial era was very detrimental and the competitive business strategy of the foreign entrepreneurs was ruinous and also against moral standards established by society. They did not adhere to the theory of live and let’s live. For instance, the united Africans company (UAC) that was responsible for a substantial percentage of the import and export trade ofNigeria, had the policy of dealing directly with producers and refused to make use of the services ofNigeriaentrepreneurs. The refusal of the expatriate to utilize the services of local businessmen inhibited their expansion and acquisition of necessary skills and attitude. Because of this, many eventually folded up. Those that folded built up resentment against business which became very demoralizing to other prospective entrepreneurs. But with more people being educated and the fact that government could no longer employ most school leavers, economic programmes to encourage individuals to go into private business and be self eliant were initiated (theodore Gieger etal in Nwalnnkwv u) (mrs. Ani, Nnenna B.).

1.3STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There have been concerted effort by the federal and state government to encourage young school leavers to enter into small scale business entrepreneurship development in Nigeria by establishing some banks, bodies and lending institutions who will be lending funds to young school leavers, consulting them on how to choose a particular business that will yield them much profit, and thereby bring an increase in our gross national product and creating self employment opportunity for themselves, in order to reduce crime growth rate in our country.Apart from employment opportunity problem and the increase in our gross national product (GNP), it also accelerates the development of both the urban and rural areas. With more enterprises in the community mere infrastructural facilities are attracted, like good roads, electricity, they are able to better their standard of living and save for investment. All these, accelerate development both the urban and rural arena.Without government encouraging practical entrepreneurship development inNigeriaeconomy, instead there will be violent occurrences here and there such stealing 419 and so on.This study also intended to examine constraints encountered by small industries by small industries and affect of government policies on them.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are;

1.   To ascertain the impact of small scale business to Nigeria development

2.   To ascertain the strategy used by small scale business to development Nigeria

3.   To ascertain the relationship between small scale business and Nigeria economy

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher; 

H0: there is no impact of small scale business to Nigeria development

H1:there is impact of small scale business to Nigeria development

H02:there is no relationship between small scale business and Nigeria economy

H2: there is relationship between small scale business and Nigeria economy

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study of a tremendous informant especially when one realise the contribution of small scale business to practical entrepreneurship development of rural areas and the nation in general.The government is becoming aware of this development  as such any study or research work carried out in this refusal will encourage and promote the development of small scale business. The strategy of small scale business in Nnewi local government area is making everything possible to see that entrepreneurship practice survive in this country.To the writer, the study has renewed her determination to be self employed by running a small scale business ventures and generally broadened the knowledge and understanding of business Administration and management (BAM).

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study was exclusively on practical entrepreneurship development. It was limited to small scale practical entrepreneurship development of business in Nnewi local government area. The small scale business industries used this study to review the area covered by practical entrepreneurship development such as bakery, furniture making, garri processing, poultry management, block making, kiosk and restaurants. All these entrepreneurship owned business scatters in Nnewi towns such as Oru, Otoro and uruagu town are known for their commercial business. The writer has restricted the study to these towns for easy and comprehensive study of practical entrepreneurship development. In Nnewi local government area, it is mainly on entrepreneur practicing town. It is thereby the small scale business entrepreneur that actually constitutes the backbone of the local government.The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study       

b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.

1.8DEFINITION OF TERMS

 SMALL SCALE BUSINESS: Sometimes called a small business, a small-scaleenterprise is a business that employs a small number of workers and does not have a high volume of sales. Such enterprises are generally privately owned and operated sole proprietorships, corporations or partnerships.

 

STRATEGY:

Strategy is a high level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty. In the sense of the "art of the general", this included several subsets of skills including “tactics

ENTERPRENEURSHIP: Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching, and running a new business which is often initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.

DEVELOPMENT:Development means to make something better than it was, to improve. Notice that development does not mean growth. We all grow as children, but then we reach a certain age and stop growing. However, we don't stop developing just because we have stopped growing

1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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