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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
There is an increasing concern nowadays as to the role which
films can play in the life of an average Nigerian youth especially
students. The pattern of film broadcast in recent times is unarguably
better than that of 10 years ago and the rate at which Nigerians sit
glued to their television sets when watching films these days is high
compared to that of some years ago.
About a decade ago, nobody seemed to realize the effort of
Nigerian English Language Films but reverse is the case these days as
Nigerian English Language films have now taken over the film industry.
The industry which came up not long ago has actually achieved a lot
during its little period of existence. Since Nigerian English Language
films came, there have been a lot of developments and most of these
actors and actresses used in these, started with featuring soap operas
on Nigerian Television station. Before they actually came into lime
light. Earlier actors had to start their career in film production with
stage drama which is usually shown in the cinema houses. They engage
in this stage drama for a number of years before they started with the
production of home video. During the mid Nineties, English Language
films (Nigerian) that made waves could be seen in so many houses, films
such as true confession, Glamour Girls, Domitila and so many others.
But nowadays, Nigerian English Language films have been taken on a new
dimension as films have now dominated the market scenes.
This study seeks to identify the disposition of the audience
towards Nigerian English Language film and to ascertain their reactions
towards these films. It will also be helpful a lot in the sense that
it will be of help in folding the diverse attitude of audience. If the
submission of the students of the Osun State Polytechnic, Iree could be
an effective representation of the aggregated views of Nigerians
The value of films, particularly home video films as medium of
mass communication is fast assuming a highly important position through
out the world. All over Nigeria today according to Tell magazine
publication of June 1994 there are over thirty million people watching
Nigerian English Language Films.
During the general conference of the United Nations Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held in Nairobi Kenya in
1976, the world body was almost turn apart by threats and counter
threats that have the deficiencies and imbalance in the global world
that has it communication corrected films in all forms, particularly
video films was one of the areas in which this imbalance exists and
also a vehicle for the perpetual of cultural alien nation.
In the modern world, much of what people know about their
countries culture is learned from films that are viewed on video tapes,
this is not learned through personal channels as the case may be, film
experts suggest that the influence of the media on our social
realities correlates with the extent of our dependence on the media for
information, the impact of film will be high when dependence on the
media is high. Many years ago, Walter Lipman (134) explained how we
formed “the picture in our head” people could not possibly experience
most events of the real world. Hence, people derived their knowledge of
the world through these films.
Several theoretical formation support the view that the impact
of films in a society will correspond closely images of the world
portrayed in these films will be internalized and accepted to be
accurate. In Ifedayo Daramola 2004 (INRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION)
explained learning theory as how people learn different behavior values
and stereotypes from observation made. It also shows how some people
react after watching some films on video tape or in the cinema houses.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
The attitude of audience of the Nigerian English language film
profound an interest and attention, hence it deserves a penetrating
study. It has been estimated in Obafemi Lasode 1994 that over 50
percent of the films on Nigerian film industry are English Language
mainly from educated actors and actresses.
Nowadays, one discovers that most of the films programmes on
television are presented in English Language and as one would expect,
these English Language film programme are alien borrowed to our
culture. A school of thought subscribes to the fact that some Nigerian
English Language films are not good enough and some adjustment still
needs to be made. Hence, this study seeks to check the authenticity of
this assertion.
A scholar Awodiya (1989) observed that “in the course of a
quarter, the Nigerian English Language film goes abroad than it stays
at home”. From the first day of each month to the last day, producers
releases as many film as possible. Such as Dangerous Twins, Blood
Sisters, the Refuge, and Hostage which are recent home videos.
Interestingly, most of these films contain a lot of educate
act, this could be disapproved. Most of these films feature against
moral attitude such as prostitution, robbery, stealing and all sort of
crime being committed. Nigerian film Censor Board (NTB) Audience
Research Department reported in 1998 that “English Language films are
mere educative and entertaining than dialect produced films and
involved creativity more often”.
If such films (Nigerian English Language films) could find
their ways overseas, it will help in preservation of custom, culture
and idea than how one would find their way to Nigeria, where each new
films is hunting for cheap production which will at lest occupy its
time schedule.
Nigeria English language film producers do not seem to see
anything unusual about this situation. It may be relevant to known that
50 percent of films produced in a year to are Nigeria English Language
films according to Bateman Lassoed 1994.
Going by the rumor that the attitude of audience of the
Nigerian English Language films are not all that favorable, some school
of thought believes that the Nigerian English Language Films on home
video is not something good to write home about, hence this study would
prefer viable solution to the problem with a view to helping the
producer of these film in the production and packaging of this films
Therefore this study will address audience attitudes toward Nigerian English language films.
1.3 AIMS AND PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
This research work aims at identifying the disposition of
viewers toward Nigerian English Language films and also to ascertain
their reactions towards these films.
Furthermore, most of these Nigerian English Language films tend
to be on entertainment and love, hence, the research seeks to
determine the reaction of the audience to this situation (entertainment
and love) or they will prefer more educative and public enlightenment
films. Again this research will go along way in determining how
variable such as ages, sex, religion, and marital status help in the
formation of such perception or attitude.
Finally, this research work will comes up with suggestions on
how the producer of Nigerian English Language films can serve their
audience and also to make necessary adjustment in the packaging and
production of their film if need be.
1.4 RESEACH QUESTION
1) Are the viewers/students of Osun State Polytechnic Iree aware of Nigerian English Language Films?
2) Do the viewers/students of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree watch Nigerian English Language films?
3) Does Nigerian English Language Film have any impact on the
students of Osun State Polytechnic Iree, be it Negative or positive?
4) Do audience/students of Osun State Polytechnic Iree prefer
Nigerian English Language films to any other language films?
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
In order to ascertain the views and reactions of the audience
attitude towards Nigeria English Language Films and also to determine
its impact, the following hypothesis will be stated:
- Audience/student of Osun State Polytechnic Iree aware of Nigeria English Language films. (Nigerian English Language films refers to as films created or produced in Nigeria and acted by Nigeria actors in English language)
- Audience/student of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree watches Nigerian English Language Films. This has to do with audience and students of Osun state polytechnic, Iree viewer ship of these films (Nigerian English Language films) as shown on television stations or in the cinema houses.
- Nigeria English Language Films usually have impact (positive or negative) on the students of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. (Positive impact here refers to those films with more emphasis on teaching of some lessons, skills and language) while (Negative Impact refers to those films) with (anti – social activities) such as abusing fighting, killing and some other aggressive tendencies.
- ]; 4. Students of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree prefer Nigerian English Language films to any other language films because most of it usually enlighten.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research is limited to the students of Osun
State Polytechnic, Iree. This has to be done as a result of the limited
time to be spent on the project and also because of financial
constraints.
SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
This research work will be helpful a lot in the sense that it
will unfold the diverse attitude of students of the Osun State
Polytechnic, Iree towards Nigerian English Language films. It will also
help to determine the extent at which these films have affected
students.
This project would enhance and recommend ways which Nigerian
English Language Films producer can make necessary adjustment in the
packaging and production of that film.
Again, this study will be of great importance to future
researchers who intend to carry out research on a related or the topic
itself, it will also help to transform or rather serve as a guide for
the producers of the Nigerian English Language film.
Finally, it will help the producers of these films a lot in
packaging their films in favorable manner that would bring about
positive effect on the audience.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Certain limitations posed great deal of problems to the
researcher who intended to ascertain students’ views and these
limitations are as follow:
Firstly, the lack of fund is an impediment to the total success
of a research such as this. And this is because finances are needed
right from the start of the research work to the end.
Secondly, the limited time frame in which the research was
carried out prevented a much mere in depth investigation in the
phenomenon that is being studied. One has to consult some libraries to
get relevant facts about the study as well as doing some other
assignments which on their own are taking enough.
Thirdly, there was also the problem of access to record
information that is vital to the study relevant materials, textbooks;
Newspapers were also not available at the library.
Finally, the issue of high-cost of materials, since a lot of
typing and photocopy of records data and information has to be done.
And considering the unfavorable economic situation one was handicapped
in adding and getting more information which would have made the
research effort more complete.
1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
ACTOR- Actor as used in this study means films hero, artistes, and performers.
ALIEN- Alien in this study refers to some important programmes like foreign video, tapes and others related materials.
FILMS- Films as used in this study refers to series of moving
pictures recorded with sound that tells a story shown on television or
at the cinema houses.
FOREIGN FILMS- Refers to films which are dominated by foreign actors.
INDIGEOUS FIMS- Indigenous films as used in this study refer to
films which are created or produced in Nigeria and acted by Nigerian
actors.
LOCAL PROGRAMME: - Local programme in this study refers to
television programmes locally produced by Nigerian artistes.
ATTITUDE: - Attitude as used in this study means the way you
think and feel about something and also aggressive behavior that shows
you do not care about other people’s opinion and the habit of doing
thing in an individual way.
IMPACT- The powerful effect that something has on some one.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
It is a widely acknowledge fact that there have been
studies carried out in the field of Mass Communication, it is important
to note that the result of these studies are not available for public
consumption and review but not widely available and this make it
difficult for researcher of this type of work to cite enough literature
to complement their studies.
Attitudes of students to films and its impact is just
gathering momentum in Nigeria, hence not much work has been done in
this are area of Mass Communication. However, one could observe that a
lot of researchers in many developed countries of the world have carried
out survey on audience attitudes to films and its impacts and the
viewer. This study is an attitudes survey. Since impact most times is a
determinant of attitudes, this literature review focuses on both the
impacts of films on audience and their attitudes towards films shows on
television or in the cinema houses.
The research by Morton-Williams (1952) although was strictly on cinema films, discovered that
“As a medium of education and entertainment, the cinema
in African society is known to be effective but the mode of its
effectiveness is still largely unknown” he concluded that “systematic
investigation into audience reaction should enable reliable techniques
for making films to be developed much more rapidly”.
Nwuneli (1979) in the survey conducted on the movie going
habits of Lagosians discovered that: “over one half (53 percent of the
sampled population would prefer Nigerian films to films produced
outside Nigeria)”.
The researcher also discovered that only 39 percent of
the respondents have ever watched film produced from other African
Nations. He concluded that the findings tends to suggest that:
“The future is bright for films produced in Nigeria if
the industry could be stimulated and encouraged”. A study by Aliu (1982)
found outs however that “Lagos University students will tend to
prefer foreign films to Nigerian one”.
Aliu went further to say that these students watch
foreign films not just for entertainment, these films equally play an
important role in influencing the students” choice of dressing pattern.
This study led him to conclude that:
“Nigerian University students have become a brain washed
set of youths who think more of transient and banal ideals of foreign
cultures rather than their own”.
Nigeria youths are not alone in this regard, according to
the permanent conductor of the Japanese Broadcasting Corporation, Mori
(1983) Japan.
“Western music is primarily popular with the younger
people”. The writer further note “it is western not tradition music
that has become the Japanese Lingua franca. But the attitude of younger
people can not be use as an index to generalize on the entire
population as students and young people all over the are known to have
contra-cultures which in most cases are deviation from the norms of the
society”
Many criticisms have been leveled against the films shown
in Africa today. The Senegalese Films maker Ousmere (1977) has
observed that’ indeed, the taking over of the various autonomous state
television services, by the federal military Government in 1976, was as
a result of the concern expressed about the apparent inability of the
Federal broadcasting media to contribute to the process of National
integration in Nigeria. In 1977, the supreme military council (SMC)
indicated that the federal government’s take over of television was
intended to achieve the following objectives: To assist in general
education, enlightenment and motivation of the nation, To produce
cultural and tropical films for expert; To exploit the rich cultural
material of the country and render its output which should be
indigenous in character: To respond to and fulfill the national need
rather than partisan or sectional interest.
Muritala kayode once wrote the general consensus is that
the activities in this films (Nigerian English Language Films) are
affecting the mode of lives of the people especially the students. Most
people, he wrote are of the opinion that thieves armed robbery, pick
pockets and tricksters learn a lot of their tricks and use of dangerous
weapons through their medium.
In a recent article, in the Guardian Newspaper Janne
(1983) added a Nigerian perspective when he said what is good for
Europe is not necessarily good for Nigeria or Africa. He said in his
words that most Nigerian English Language films producers are to be
faulted as they usually affect western cultural person into the
Nigerian policy’
Aig-Imoukhede has noted that “many Nigerians have
complained of the poisonous context of films shown on the screen in
Nigeria”. Alaba (1970) is of the view that “The basis of dynamic
African television and film industries exists and films can make a far
more effective contribution to National and pan-African development
than they are making at present. He then suggested way of solving the
teething problem confronting films industry in Africa among which are
the development of television and film should be done on a continental
and regional basis rather than national, and that a body like
organization of African unity should act as a central co-coordinating
body for films;
It’s not untrue that television contents (films) do have effect on audience.
Fanon (1975) has written extensively about the negative
consequence of un controlled exposure to current Western Culture. As if
echoing fanon “The son of colombol (1981) has observed that western
style television will raise people’s aspirants far beyond what the
government can help them attain perhaps leading to instability”.
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