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ABSTRACT
Hoslundia opposita leaf is used folklorically in the management of diabetes and a preliminary anti-hyperglycaemic activity has been reported for its methanol extract. Therefore, in this study, the antihyperglyceamic activities of the partition fractions of Hoslundia opposita leaf was investigated using glucose loaded wistar rats with a view to determine the most active fraction. A 1% Tween 80 in normal saline and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were used as the negative and positive controls, respectively. The methanolic extract of the plant was successively partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to obtain their corresponding n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and aqueous fractions, which were similarly tested for their anti-hyperglyceamic activities. Activities of the fractions were statistically compared with themselves, and those of the positive and negative controls using ANOVA, followed by Student Newman Kuels’ test to determine the most active fraction. The methanolic extract of H. opposita (200, 400 mg/kg) gave a similar profile of activity with glibenclamide probably indicating both extra-pancreatic and insulin release effects. The similar results given by 200 and 400 mg/kg confirmed that the constituents are probably acting in synergism as the extract was significantly more active than the partition fractions or the most active constituents are in the non-polar fractions. The activities of the fractions were significantly less than that of the standard drug used, glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). The comparable (p > 0.05) 20 % anti-hyperglycaemic activity given by both ethylacetate and aqueous fractions at 400 and 200 mg/kg, respectively may indicate that both demonstrated moderate anti-hyperglycaemic activity, depending on the dose. Also, since their greatest activity was at 4 h, both fractions may elicit their antihyperglycaemic activity by stimulating insulin release. Only aqueous fraction gave a possible mild extrapancreatic effect. The antihyperglycaemic constituents in these fractions are likely to be moderately polar to polar in nature. Therefore, the totality of the results established the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of H. opposita and its usage in ethnomedicinal management of diabetes.
CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plant is any plant, which in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs (Sofowora, 2008). The practice of using plants in treating diseases is called herbal medicine and it dates back to very earliest periods of known human history. There is evidence of the use of herbs in the treatment of diseases and for revitalising body systems in almost all ancient civilisations – The Indian, Egyptian, Chinese and even the Greek and Roman civilisations (Bakhru, 1992). The universal role of plants in the treatment of diseases is exemplified by their employment in all the major systems of medicine, irrespective of the underlying philosophical premise (Evans, 2008). Examples of different diseases that plants have been used to treat include heart disorders, digestive disorders, constipation, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, skin diseases, stomach ache, craw craw, asthma, toothache, hypertension (Bakhru, 1992; Evans, 2008). Some drugs of importance for the treatment of various diseases, which have been obtained from plants include atropine, bromelain, caffeine, cocaine, codeine, digoxin, emetine, morphine, noscapine, pilocarpine and quinine (Ertug, 2000).
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SIMILAR MICROBIOLOGY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
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1. EVALUATION OF THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF HYPHAENE THEBAICA FRUIT (LINN) ON N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA-INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS IN M...
» ABSTRACT The preventive effect of dietary inclusion of Hyphaene thebaica fruit at 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% on colon carcinogenesis initiated with N methyl...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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2. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES ON THE GROWTH OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCING Bacillus Species IN Citrillus vugaris.
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Traditional fermented condiments (OGIRI EGUSI) based on vegetable proteins are consumed by different ethnic groups in Nig...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 75 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PIPEBORNE WATER AND OTHER SOURCES OF WATER WITHIN ENUGU METROPOLIS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.(INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT LOCALITY)
» ABSTRACT Comparative examination of three main sources of water supply in Independence layout Enugu was carried out with a view to determine their lev...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 44 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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4. CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS, HOW TO CONTROL & ERADICATE IT
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Chlamydiae are small gram negative obligate intracellular microorganisms that preferentially infect squamocolumnar epithelial...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 43 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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5. SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF Salmonella typhi AND OTHER BACTERIAL PATHOGENS TO ANTIBIOTICS AND HOT AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Hibiscus sabdariffa
» ABSTRACT The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 110 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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6. ASSESSMENT OF NUNU PRODUCED USING PURE STARTER CULTURE
» ABSTRACTNunu is Nigerian locally fermented milk product commonly prepared by Hausa/Fulani cattle rearers. It’s mostly available in the Northern part...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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7. ASSESSMENTS OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS INFECTION IN HUMANS AND BLACKFLIES AND ONCHOCERCIASIS RESPONSE TO IVERMECTIN AMONG VILLAGERS AROUND GURARA DAM, K...
» ABSTRACT A study on the assessment of Onchocercavolvulus infection in humans and blackflies and the onchocerciasis response to ivermectin therapy amon...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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8. DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND VIRULENT GENES IN ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATED FROM WATER SAMPLES IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
» ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to isolate, identify and analyse the distribution of Enterococci,carry out antibiotic susceptibility test and...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 5200 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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9. ANALYSIS OF BUSH PEAR AND ITS OIL
» ABSTRACT The research project studies the analysis of pear and its oil. The mesocarp from edible African pear “DacryodesEdulis” were evalu...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 91 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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10. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL AND KEROSENE ON THE GROWTH OF NITRIFYING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOIL
» ABSTRACTCrude oil and kerosene have useful applications in the society and are, therefore, used as sources of income and energy. However, the spills a...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT