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ABSTRACT
One of the fundamental problems of contemporary Nigeria
is corruption. It has thrived; progressed and flourished unabated
.Corruption has been institutionalized to the point of accepting it as
part of our system. This study examined the incidence of corruption in
the Nigerian Public Service with particular focus on Imo State Civil Service
from 1999 to 2012. Specifically, the study investigated whether
motivational incentives provided for civil servants contributes to their
greater involvement in corruption in Imo State from 1999 to 2012. The
study also examined the impact of weak internal control mechanism on the
incidence of looting of state treasury by politicians in Imo State
within the same period. We predicated our analysis on The General Systems Theory,
adopting David Easton’s Political System theory. As for method of data
collection, the study employed qualitative and quantitative method of
data collection. As for sources of data, we principally relied on
primary and secondary sources. The data so generated were analyzed
accordingly using Likert measurement scale. The findings reveal that
motivational incentives provided for civil servants contribute to their
greater involvement in corruption. Based on the findings also, weak
internal control mechanism was identified to have contributed to
incidence of looting of state treasury by politicians in Imo State. We
therefore recommend adequate motivation of civil servants through
improved salary,prompt payment of all their entitlements and good
working condition, government should strengthen internal control
mechanism to forestall incidence of looting of state treasury which
could have been averted. These recommendations if properly implemented
would be a panacea for eradication of corruption.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
One of the greatest problems of Nigerian public service is the
prevailing incidence of corruption. Corruption therefore has become a
persistent cancerous phenomenon which bedevils Nigeria public sector.
Misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and money laundering
by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. Any
attempt to understand the tragedy of development and the challenges to
democracy in most developing countries (Nigeria inclusive), must come to
grips with the problem of corruption and stupendous wastage of scarce
resources. This is not to suggest that corruption and prodigality are
peculiar to the developing countries. Certainly, corruption is neither
culture specific nor system bound. It is ubiquitous. However, the
severity and its devastating impact vary from one system to the other.
The impact is undoubtedly more severe and devastating in the developing
world with weak economic base, fragile political institutions and
inadequate control mechanisms. According to the Executive Director,
Office of Drugs and Crime at the United Nations, Dr. Antonio Maria Costa, about US
$400 billion was stolen from Nigeria and stashed away in foreign banks
by past corrupt leaders before the return to democratic rule in 1999 (http://allafrica.com).
Most people would argue that poverty definitely contributes to
corruption. In many poor countries, the wages of public and private
sector workers is not sufficient for them to survive (Otive, 2008).
It is ironic that Nigeria is the sixth largest exporter of oil and at
the same time hosts the third largest number of poor people after China
and India. Statistics show that the incidence of poverty, using the rate
of US $1 per day, increased from 28.1% in 1980 to 46.3% in 1985 and
declined to 42.7% in 1992 but increased again to 65.6% in 1996
(Obasanjo, 1995). The incidence increased to 69.2% in 1999 (CBN,
1999:95). If the rate of US $2 per day is used to measure the poverty
level, the percentage of those living below poverty line will jump to
90.8%. It is against this background that sectoral distribution of the
nationwide corruption survey in the Nigeria Corruption Index (NCI) 2007
identified the Nigerian Police as the most corrupt
organization in the country, closely followed by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria
(PHCN). Corruption in the Education Ministry was found to have
increased from 63 per cent in 2005 to 74 per cent in 2007, as against 96
per cent to 99 per cent for the Police in the corresponding period. The
Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC),
was the only new organization identified as corrupt among the 16
organizations on a list which included Joint Admission and Matriculation
Board, the Presidency, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Commission
(NNPC).While the Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and the Nigerian
Railway Corporation (NRC) have been identified as the least corrupt
organizations with respect to bribe taking from the populace as at June
2007 (Abimbola, 2007).
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